Indonesia’s MPA and OECM Vision 2045 calls for expanding and improving the management of marine protected areas (MPAs) across ecologically and economically significant seascapes. Within this framework, the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (MMAF), with support from Konservasi Indonesia (KI) and partners, aims to establish a Sumatra Large-Scale Marine Protected Area (LSMPA) covering key offshore and coastal ecosystems along the western coast of Sumatra.
Indonesia has established a strong legal foundation for marine conservation and fisheries management through key national laws and ministerial regulations—including Law No. 32/2014 on Marine Affairs, Law No. 45/2009 on Fisheries (as amended), and MMAF Regulation No. 31/2020 on the Management of Aquatic Conservation Areas. However, the current framework is primarily designed for conventional coastal MPAs and has not yet fully addressed the governance needs, jurisdictional arrangements, and regulatory instruments required to establish and manage Large-Scale Marine Protected Areas (LSMPAs) that span multiple provincial jurisdictions and offshore zones.
As Indonesia advances its 30×45 national marine protection agenda, there is a growing need to clarify and strengthen the regulatory, legal, and institutional architecture that enables the creation, designation, management, assignment of management authority, inter-agency coordination, and long-term enforcement of LSMPAs. This study will therefore map and analyze national and subnational legal instruments; identify regulatory discrepancies; institutional and jurisdictional overlaps; and assess international frameworks relevant to large-scale conservation. The results will provide policy options and legal pathways to support the effective establishment and governance of LSMPAs across Indonesia—including, but not limited to, proposed sites such as Sumatra and Banda.
This regulatory framework study will contribute to Indonesia’s broader marine governance reforms, strengthen cross-jurisdictional coordination, and ensure that clear legal mandates, coherent institutional arrangements, and sustainable management mechanisms support future LSMPAs.
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